Aerobic exercise
Some pooled reviews combine exercise modes. Fitness–mortality associations do not isolate the causal effect of aerobic training.
Follow the Reality Check →Healthspan radar
Where is the research going?
Explore the ideas, follow the human trials, and see which questions remain open. More activity means more research—not a greater chance of benefit.
Direct / indirect describe relevance, not study design or proof of benefit. “Results available” is a registry flag, not a reviewed efficacy conclusion.
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Evidence record
Recently recorded by AgeBeacon
These dates show when entries were recorded in the evidence system. They may include older publications or backfilled completed trials. They do not establish publication recency or a change in AgeBeacon's scientific conclusions.
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What would move the evidence forward?
Start with the gap between the hypothesis and the measured human outcome. These are evidence questions, not forecasts.
Rapamycin (sirolimus)
A secondary or subgroup result cannot replace the primary comparison or establish broad healthy-aging benefit.
Follow the Reality Check →Nicotinamide riboside (NR)
NAD-related measures are biological signals. They do not establish cognitive benefit, healthspan or lifespan.
Follow the Reality Check →Metformin
Disease context and combination treatment limit attribution. An unfavorable biomarker classification is not automatically demonstrated clinical harm.
Follow the Reality Check →Dasatinib + Quercetin
Short-term biomarkers, small pilots and uncontrolled comparisons cannot establish broad rejuvenation or longer life.
Follow the Reality Check →Fisetin
Small study arms and limited endpoints do not establish broad benefit or long-term safety.
Follow the Reality Check →Urolithin A
Secondary findings do not overturn neutral primary outcomes or prove an effect on healthy lifespan.
Follow the Reality Check →NMN
Target engagement, calculator-derived measures and secondary outcomes do not establish lifespan extension.
Follow the Reality Check →Resveratrol
A narrow metabolic comparison cannot establish long-term healthspan or lifespan effects.
Follow the Reality Check →Acarbose
Different endpoints can point in different directions. Acute observations do not establish broad healthy-aging benefit.
Follow the Reality Check →Prebiotics
Microbial changes do not establish clinical benefit. Results from one formulation or combination cannot be generalized to all prebiotics.
Follow the Reality Check →Probiotics
Strains, formulations and populations differ. Exploratory cognitive or mechanistic findings do not establish a class-wide effect.
Follow the Reality Check →Synbiotics
Mixed biomarker findings cannot establish a clinical or lifespan benefit.
Follow the Reality Check →Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
Disease-specific benefit and healthy-aging efficacy are different questions. Neutral comparisons and gastrointestinal adverse events must remain visible.
Follow the Reality Check →Therapeutic plasma exchange / plasma dilution
Plasma exchange, dilution and combination procedures are not interchangeable. Biomarker changes and disease-specific outcomes do not prove longer healthy life.
Follow the Reality Check →Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)
Cell origin, manufacturing and protocol identity matter. A product-specific result cannot establish a class-wide benefit or safety claim.
Follow the Reality Check →Photobiomodulation
Wavelength, delivery site and session design matter. A single-session result does not establish long-term benefit or safety.
Follow the Reality Check →17alpha-estradiol
Full clinical details of the Phase 1 report were not accessible. Dose, exposure, adverse events and human aging efficacy remain unresolved.
Follow the Reality Check →Akkermansia muciniphila
Baseline imbalance and analysis of completers limit inference. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in the supplement; newer studies and long-term safety remain under review.
Follow the Reality Check →Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG)
The ABLE protocol and recruitment report do not provide intervention efficacy results. Causal effects, clinical outcomes and systematic safety results remain unresolved.
Follow the Reality Check →Berberine
Gastrointestinal adverse events were common across berberine arms. Other trials, including adenoma prevention, still need full-text review; long-term safety is unresolved.
Follow the Reality Check →Epitalon / Epithalon
The broader review remains incomplete. This formulation cannot establish the safety or efficacy of injected Epitalon.
Follow the Reality Check →GlyNAC
Other trials, including the longer older-adult study, still require review. Clinical benefit and long-term safety remain unresolved.
Follow the Reality Check →Lithium
The longer follow-up had substantial attrition. Other studies and the companion safety paper still require review; findings do not establish lithium-orotate benefits.
Follow the Reality Check →NAD+
The paper defines its primary endpoint inconsistently. Registry reconciliation and broader safety and literature reviews remain open.
Follow the Reality Check →Partial epigenetic reprogramming
The reviewed announcement reports no clinical outcome results. Human efficacy, durability and long-term safety remain unestablished.
Follow the Reality Check →Pterostilbene
Long-term clinical outcomes and the broader literature review remain unresolved; detailed adverse-event review is pending.
Follow the Reality Check →Quercetin
Multiple comparisons, subgroup membership changes and per-protocol analysis limit inference. Other formulations, studies and long-term safety require review.
Follow the Reality Check →Spermidine
One trial has been reviewed. Other regimens and studies still require review; human lifespan benefit and long-term safety remain unresolved.
Follow the Reality Check →Taurine
This short perioperative regimen differs from long-term supplementation. Detailed adverse-event review and other human studies remain pending.
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