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Metabolic
HbA1c
Clinical biomarkerGlycemicBlood% / mmol/mol
A long-term marker of average glycemia.
What it measures
Glycation of hemoglobin over the lifespan of circulating red cells.
Why it matters
Used for diabetes screening, diagnosis and monitoring in appropriate settings.
How to interpret it
Interpret using validated clinical thresholds and consider conditions that alter red-cell turnover.
Important limitations
Does not capture glucose variability and can be misleading when the relationship between hemoglobin and glycemia is altered.
Evidence status
Clinical biomarker
Clinically validated glycemic biomarker with outcome evidence in diabetes care.
Research & guidance
Original papers, validation studies, reviews and clinical guidance connected to this measurement.
For education and evidence exploration, not diagnosis or individualized medical advice.