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Kidney & liver
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
Clinical biomarkerRenal damageUrinemg/g or mg/mmol
A urine measure of albumin excretion normalized to creatinine.
What it measures
Urinary albumin relative to urinary creatinine.
Why it matters
Used to detect and stage albuminuria and kidney/cardiovascular risk.
How to interpret it
Persistent abnormality should generally be confirmed and interpreted with eGFR and clinical context.
Important limitations
Exercise, infection and transient illness can affect results.
Evidence status
Clinical biomarker
Established kidney and cardiovascular risk biomarker.
Research & guidance
Original papers, validation studies, reviews and clinical guidance connected to this measurement.
For education and evidence exploration, not diagnosis or individualized medical advice.